Flight Feathers - The Flight Feathers of Birds

Feathers are a unique characteristic of birds and are a key requirement for flight. Feathers are arranged in a precise pattern over the wing. When the bird takes to the air, its wing feathers spread to create an aerodynamic surface. When the bird lands, feathers are flexible enough in their arrangement to enable the wing to fold neatly against the birds body without bending or damaging the flight feathers. Flight Feathers The following feathers make up the typical birds wing: Primaries: Elongated flight feathers that grow out from the end of the wings (the hand area of the wing). Birds typically have 9-10 primaries.Secondaries: Long flight feathers positioned just behind the primaries and grow out from the forearm area of the wing. Many birds have six secondary feathers.Tertials: Three flight feathers that are closest to the birds body along the wing, located next to the secondaries.Remiges: A term used to refer to primaries, secondaries, and tertials together.Greater primary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the primaries.Greater secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the secondaries.Median secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the greater secondary coverts.Lesser secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the median secondary coverts.Alula: The feathers that grow from the thumb area of the wing on the leading edge of the wing.Primary projection: The section of the primaries that, when the wing is folded, p roject beyond the tips of the tertials and sit at an angle towards the tail.Underwing coverts: Located on the underside of the wing, underwing coverts create a lining at the base of the flight feathers.Auxiliaries: Also located on the underside of the wing, the auxiliaries cover the armpit area of the birds wing, smoothing the area where the wing meets the body. Reference Sibley, D.A. 2002. Sibleys Birding Basics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf

Chesapeake Energy Corporation Is The Second Largest...

The Companies Chesapeake Energy Corporation is the second-largest producer of natural gas and the tenth-largest producer of liquids in the United States. It owns interests in approximately 46,800 natural gas and oil wells that produced a net interest average of approximately 665 mboe per day in the 2013 fourth quarter. The company has a large and geographically diverse resource base of onshore U.S. unconventional natural gas and liquids assets. It also owns substantial marketing, compression and oilfield services businesses. Cabot Oil Gas Corporation is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the development, exploitation and exploration of oil and gas properties. Its assets are concentrated in areas with known hydrocarbon resources conducive to multi-well, repeatable drilling programs. It operates in one segment, natural gas and oil development, exploitation, exploration and production, with all located in the continental U.S. Cabot is the thirteenth largest producer of natural gas in the U.S. In addition to the competition between the two firms addressed, fierce competition exists from other oil and gas producers, particularly ExxonMobil, the number one producer of natural gas in the United States. Macroeconomic Risks Both Chesapeake’s and Cabot’s revenues, operating results, financial condition and ability to obtain outside capital depends substantially on prevailing prices for natural gas and oil. Lower commodity prices may reduce the amount of natural gas andShow MoreRelatedChesapeake Energy Is The Second Largest Producer Of Natural Gas2324 Words   |  10 PagesExecutive summary Chesapeake Energy is the second largest producer of natural gas in United States. The company invented horizontal drilling and proved to be an expert of unconventional drilling. Having the drive and commitment to achieve great accomplishments Chesapeake managed to set operation efficiency standard in the industry with their core values of integrity, trust and transparency. Although having financial issues with acquiring more debt and less liquid capital, the company managed toRead MoreInternational Business3096 Words   |  13 Pagesoperation in Melbourne in 1885 which is one of Australia’s largest and oldest companies, and it focused on development, discovery, production, and marketing of natural resources. In value-added flat steel products, BHP was also a market leader. In 1860, Billiton was established in The Hague, Netherlands. Billiton developed a growing and substantial copper portfolio. It was also a global leader in the metals and mining sector, and a major producer of aluminum and alumina, steaming coal, nickel, and titaniumRead MoreExxon Mobile Capstone40455 Words   |  162 Pages............................................................10   MACRO  ENVIRONMENTAL  FORCES  ANALYSIS,  ECONOMIC  TRENDS  AND  ETHICAL  CONCERNS .....................................................................10   Upstream  and  Downstream  Oil  and  Natural  Gas ............................................................................................................................. 10   Petrochemical  Industry ...........................................................................................Read MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 PagesINVESTMENT VALUATION: SECOND EDITION I will be putting my entire second edition online, while the book goes through the printing process - it will be available at the end of the year. This may seem like a bit of a free lunch, and I guess it is. I hope, though, that you can do me a favor as you go through the manuscript. If you find any mistakes - mathematical or grammatical - could you please let me know? It would help me ensure that the typos do not find their way into the final version. Chapter

A Game of Thrones Chapter Four Free Essays

Eddard The visitors poured through the castle gates in a river of gold and silver and polished steel, three hundred strong, a pride of bannermen and knights, of sworn swords and freeriders. Over their heads a dozen golden banners whipped back and forth in the northern wind, emblazoned with the crowned stag of Baratheon. Ned knew many of the riders. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now There came Ser Jaime Lannister with hair as bright as beaten gold, and there Sandor Clegane with his terrible burned face. The tall boy beside him could only be the crown prince, and that stunted little man behind them was surely the Imp, Tyrion Lannister. Yet the huge man at the head of the column, flanked by two knights in the snow-white cloaks of the Kingsguard, seemed almost a stranger to Ned . . . until he vaulted off the back of his warhorse with a familiar roar, and crushed him in a bone-crunching hug. â€Å"Ned! Ah, but it is good to see that frozen face of yours.† The king looked him over top to bottom, and laughed. â€Å"You have not changed at all.† Would that Ned had been able to say the same. Fifteen years past, when they had ridden forth to win a throne, the Lord of Storm’s End had been clean-shaven, clear-eyed, and muscled like a maiden’s fantasy. Six and a half feet tall, he towered over lesser men, and when he donned his armor and the great antlered helmet of his House, he became a veritable giant. He’d had a giant’s strength too, his weapon of choice a spiked iron warhammer that Ned could scarcely lift. In those days, the smell of leather and blood had clung to him like perfume. Now it was perfume that clung to him like perfume, and he had a girth to match his height. Ned had last seen the king nine years before during Balon Greyjoy’s rebellion, when the stag and the direwolf had joined to end the pretensions of the self-proclaimed King of the IronIslands. Since the night they had stood side by side in Greyjoy’s fallen stronghold, where Robert had accepted the rebel lord’s surrender and Ned had taken his son Theon as hostage and ward, the king had gained at least eight stone. A beard as coarse and black as iron wire covered his jaw to hide his double chin and the sag of the royal jowls, but nothing could hide his stomach or the dark circles under his eyes. Yet Robert was Ned’s king now, and not just a friend, so he said only, â€Å"Your Grace. Winterfell is yours.† By then the others were dismounting as well, and grooms were coming forward for their mounts. Robert’s queen, Cersei Lannister, entered on foot with her younger children. The wheelhouse in which they had ridden, a huge double-decked carriage of oiled oak and gilded metal pulled by forty heavy draft horses, was too wide to pass through the castle gate. Ned knelt in the snow to kiss the queen’s ring, while Robert embraced Catelyn like a long-lost sister. Then the children had been brought forward, introduced, and approved of by both sides. No sooner had those formalities of greeting been completed than the king had said to his host, â€Å"Take me down to your crypt, Eddard. I would pay my respects.† Ned loved him for that, for remembering her still after all these years. He called for a lantern. No other words were needed. The queen had begun to protest. They had been riding since dawn, everyone was tired and cold, surely they should refresh themselves first. The dead would wait. She had said no more than that; Robert had looked at her, and her twin brother Jaime had taken her quietly by the arm, and she had said no more. They went down to the crypt together, Ned and this king he scarcely recognized. The winding stone steps were narrow. Ned went first with the lantern. â€Å"I was starting to think we would never reach Winterfell,† Robert complained as they descended. â€Å"In the south, the way they talk about my Seven Kingdoms, a man forgets that your part is as big as the other six combined.† â€Å"I trust you enjoyed the journey, Your Grace?† Robert snorted. â€Å"Bogs and forests and fields, and scarcely a decent inn north of the Neck. I’ve never seen such a vast emptiness. Where are all your people?† â€Å"Likely they were too shy to come out,† Ned jested. He could feel the chill coming up the stairs, a cold breath from deep within the earth. â€Å"Kings are a rare sight in the north.† Robert snorted. â€Å"More likely they were hiding under the snow. Snow, Ned!† The king put one hand on the wall to steady himself as they descended. â€Å"Late summer snows are common enough,† Ned said. â€Å"I hope they did not trouble you. They are usually mild.† â€Å"The Others take your mild snows,† Robert swore. â€Å"What will this place be like in winter? I shudder to think.† â€Å"The winters are hard,† Ned admitted. â€Å"But the Starks will endure. We always have.† â€Å"You need to come south,† Robert told him. â€Å"You need a taste of summer before it flees. In Highgarden there are fields of golden roses that stretch away as far as the eye can see. The fruits are so ripe they explode in your mouth—melons, peaches, fireplums, you’ve never tasted such sweetness. You’ll see, I brought you some. Even at Storm’s End, with that good wind off the bay, the days are so hot you can barely move. And you ought to see the towns, Ned! Flowers everywhere, the markets bursting with food, the summerwines so cheap and so good that you can get drunk just breathing the air. Everyone is fat and drunk and rich.† He laughed and slapped his own ample stomach a thump. â€Å"And the girls, Ned!† he exclaimed, his eyes sparkling. â€Å"I swear, women lose all modesty in the heat. They swim naked in the river, right beneath the castle. Even in the streets, it’s too damn hot for wool or fur, so they go around in t hese short gowns, silk if they have the silver and cotton if not, but it’s all the same when they start sweating and the cloth sticks to their skin, they might as well be naked.† The king laughed happily. Robert Baratheon had always been a man of huge appetites, a man who knew how to take his pleasures. That was not a charge anyone could lay at the door of Eddard Stark. Yet Ned could not help but notice that those pleasures were taking a toll on the king. Robert was breathing heavily by the time they reached the bottom of the stairs, his face red in the lantern light as they stepped out into the darkness of the crypt. â€Å"Your Grace,† Ned said respectfully. He swept the lantern in a wide semicircle. Shadows moved and lurched. Flickering light touched the stones underfoot and brushed against a long procession of granite pillars that marched ahead, two by two, into the dark. Between the pillars, the dead sat on their stone thrones against the walls, backs against the sepulchres that contained their mortal remains. â€Å"She is down at the end, with Father and Brandon.† He led the way between the pillars and Robert followed wordlessly, shivering in the subterranean chill. It was always cold down here. Their footsteps rang off the stones and echoed in the vault overhead as they walked among the dead of House Stark. The Lords of Winterfell watched them pass. Their likenesses were carved into the stones that sealed the tombs. In long rows they sat, blind eyes staring out into eternal darkness, while great stone direwolves curled round their feet. The shifting shadows made the stone figures seem to stir as the living passed by. By ancient custom an iron longsword had been laid across the lap of each who had been Lord of Winterfell, to keep the vengeful spirits in their crypts. The oldest had long ago rusted away to nothing, leaving only a few red stains where the metal had rested on stone. Ned wondered if that meant those ghosts were free to roam the castle now. He hoped not. The first Lords of Winterfell had been men hard as the land they ruled. In the centuries before the Dragonlords came over the sea, they had sworn allegiance to no man, styling themselves the Kings in the North. Ned stopped at last and lifted the oil lantern. The crypt continued on into darkness ahead of them, but beyond this point the tombs were empty and unsealed; black holes waiting for their dead, waiting for him and his children. Ned did not like to think on that. â€Å"Here,† he told his king. Robert nodded silently, knelt, and bowed his head. There were three tombs, side by side. Lord Rickard Stark, Ned’s father, had a long, stern face. The stonemason had known him well. He sat with quiet dignity, stone fingers holding tight to the sword across his lap, but in life all swords had failed him. In two smaller sepulchres on either side were his children. Brandon had been twenty when he died, strangled by order of the Mad King Aerys Targaryen only a few short days before he was to wed Catelyn Tully of Riverrun. His father had been forced to watch him die. He was the true heir, the eldest, born to rule. Lyanna had only been sixteen, a child-woman of surpassing loveliness. Ned had loved her with all his heart. Robert had loved her even more. She was to have been his bride. â€Å"She was more beautiful than that,† the king said after a silence. His eyes lingered on Lyanna’s face, as if he could will her back to life. Finally he rose, made awkward by his weight. â€Å"Ah, damn it, Ned, did you have to bury her in a place like this?† His voice was hoarse with remembered grief. â€Å"She deserved more than darkness . . . â€Å" â€Å"She was a Stark of Winterfell,† Ned said quietly. â€Å"This is her place.† â€Å"She should be on a hill somewhere, under a fruit tree, with the sun and clouds above her and the rain to wash her clean.† â€Å"I was with her when she died,† Ned reminded the king. â€Å"She wanted to come home, to rest beside Brandon and Father.† He could hear her still at times. Promise me, she had cried, in a room that smelled of blood and roses. Promise me, Ned. The fever had taken her strength and her voice had been faint as a whisper, but when he gave her his word, the fear had gone out of his sister’s eyes. Ned remembered the way she had smiled then, how tightly her fingers had clutched his as she gave up her hold on life, the rose petals spilling from her palm, dead and black. After that he remembered nothing. They had found him still holding her body, silent with grief. The little crannogman, Howland Reed, had taken her hand from his. Ned could recall none of it. â€Å"I bring her flowers when I can,† he said. â€Å"Lyanna was . . . fond of flowers.† The king touched her cheek, his fingers brushing across the rough stone as gently as if it were living flesh. â€Å"I vowed to kill Rhaegar for what he did to her.† â€Å"You did,† Ned reminded him. â€Å"Only once,† Robert said bitterly. They had come together at the ford of the Trident while the battle crashed around them, Robert with his warhammer and his great antlered helm, the Targaryen prince armored all in black. On his breastplate was the three-headed dragon of his House, wrought all in rubies that flashed like fire in the sunlight. The waters of the Trident ran red around the hooves of their destriers as they circled and clashed, again and again, until at last a crushing blow from Robert’s hammer stove in the dragon and the chest beneath it. When Ned had finally come on the scene, Rhaegar lay dead in the stream, while men of both armies scrabbled in the swirling waters for rubies knocked free of his armor. â€Å"In my dreams, I kill him every night,† Robert admitted. â€Å"A thousand deaths will still be less than he deserves.† There was nothing Ned could say to that. After a quiet, he said, â€Å"We should return, Your Grace. Your wife will be waiting.† â€Å"The Others take my wife,† Robert muttered sourly, but he started back the way they had come, his footsteps falling heavily. â€Å"And if I hear ‘Your Grace’ once more, I’ll have your head on a spike. We are more to each other than that.† â€Å"I had not forgotten,† Ned replied quietly. When the king did not answer, he said, â€Å"Tell me about Jon.† Robert shook his head. â€Å"I have never seen a man sicken so quickly. We gave a tourney on my son’s name day. If you had seen Jon then, you would have sworn he would live forever. A fortnight later he was dead. The sickness was like a fire in his gut. It burned right through him.† He paused beside a pillar, before the tomb of a long-dead Stark. â€Å"I loved that old man.† â€Å"We both did.† Ned paused a moment. â€Å"Catelyn fears for her sister. How does Lysa bear her grief?† Robert’s mouth gave a bitter twist. â€Å"Not well, in truth,† he admitted. â€Å"I think losing Jon has driven the woman mad, Ned. She has taken the boy back to the Eyrie. Against my wishes. I had hoped to foster him with Tywin Lannister at Casterly Rock. Jon had no brothers, no other sons. Was I supposed to leave him to be raised by women?† Ned would sooner entrust a child to a pit viper than to Lord Tywin, but he left his doubts unspoken. Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word. â€Å"The wife has lost the husband,† he said carefully. â€Å"Perhaps the mother feared to lose the son. The boy is very young.† â€Å"Six, and sickly, and Lord of the Eyrie, gods have mercy,† the king swore. â€Å"Lord Tywin had never taken a ward before. Lysa ought to have been honored. The Lannisters are a great and noble House. She refused to even hear of it. Then she left in the dead of night, without so much as a by-your-leave. Cersei was furious.† He sighed deeply. â€Å"The boy is my namesake, did you know that? Robert Arryn. I am sworn to protect him. How can I do that if his mother steals him away?† â€Å"I will take him as ward, if you wish,† Ned said. â€Å"Lysa should consent to that. She and Catelyn were close as girls, and she would be welcome here as well.† â€Å"A generous offer, my friend,† the king said, â€Å"but too late. Lord Tywin has already given his consent. Fostering the boy elsewhere would be a grievous affront to him.† â€Å"I have more concern for my nephew’s welfare than I do for Lannister pride,† Ned declared. â€Å"That is because you do not sleep with a Lannister.† Robert laughed, the sound rattling among the tombs and bouncing from the vaulted ceiling. His smile was a flash of white teeth in the thicket of the huge black beard. â€Å"Ah, Ned,† he said, â€Å"you are still too serious.† He put a massive arm around Ned’s shoulders. â€Å"I had planned to wait a few days to speak to you, but I see now there’s no need for it. Come, walk with me.† They started back down between the pillars. Blind stone eyes seemed to follow them as they passed. The king kept his arm around Ned’s shoulder. â€Å"You must have wondered why I finally came north to Winterfell, after so long.† Ned had his suspicions, but he did not give them voice. â€Å"For the joy of my company, surely,† he said lightly. â€Å"And there is the Wall. You need to see it, Your Grace, to walk along its battlements and talk to those who man it. The Night’s Watch is a shadow of what it once was. Benjen says—† â€Å"No doubt I will hear what your brother says soon enough,† Robert said. â€Å"The Wall has stood for what, eight thousand years? It can keep a few days more. I have more pressing concerns. These are difficult times. I need good men about me. Men like Jon Arryn. He served as Lord of the Eyrie, as Warden of the East, as the Hand of the King. He will not be easy to replace.† â€Å"His son . . . † Ned began. â€Å"His son will succeed to the Eyrie and all its incomes,† Robert said brusquely. â€Å"No more.† That took Ned by surprise. He stopped, startled, and turned to look at his king. The words came unbidden. â€Å"The Arryns have always been Wardens of the East. The title goes with the domain.† â€Å"Perhaps when he comes of age, the honor can be restored to him,† Robert said. â€Å"I have this year to think of, and next. A six-year-old boy is no war leader, Ned.† â€Å"In peace, the title is only an honor. Let the boy keep it. For his father’s sake if not his own. Surely you owe Jon that much for his service.† The king was not pleased. He took his arm from around Ned’s shoulders. â€Å"Jon’s service was the duty he owed his liege lord. I am not ungrateful, Ned. You of all men ought to know that. But the son is not the father. A mere boy cannot hold the east.† Then his tone softened. â€Å"Enough of this. There is a more important office to discuss, and I would not argue with you.† Robert grasped Ned by the elbow. â€Å"I have need of you, Ned.† â€Å"I am yours to command, Your Grace. Always.† They were words he had to say, and so he said them, apprehensive about what might come next. Robert scarcely seemed to hear him. â€Å"Those years we spent in the Eyrie . . . gods, those were good years. I want you at my side again, Ned. I want you down in King’s Landing, not up here at the end of the world where you are no damned use to anybody.† Robert looked off into the darkness, for a moment as melancholy as a Stark. â€Å"I swear to you, sitting a throne is a thousand times harder than winning one. Laws are a tedious business and counting coppers is worse. And the people . . . there is no end of them. I sit on that damnable iron chair and listen to them complain until my mind is numb and my ass is raw. They all want something, money or land or justice. The lies they tell . . . and my lords and ladies are no better. I am surrounded by flatterers and fools. It can drive a man to madness, Ned. Half of them don’t dare tell me the truth, and the other half can’t find it. There are nights I wish we had lost at the Trident. Ah, no, not truly, but . . . â€Å"I understand,† Ned said softly. Robert looked at him. â€Å"I think you do. If so, you are the only one, my old friend.† He smiled. â€Å"Lord Eddard Stark, I would name you the Hand of the King.† Ned dropped to one knee. The offer did not surprise him; what other reason could Robert have had for coming so far? The Hand of the King was the second-most powerful man in the Seven Kingdoms. He spoke with the king’s voice, commanded the king’s armies, drafted the king’s laws. At times he even sat upon the Iron Throne to dispense king’s justice, when the king was absent, or sick, or otherwise indisposed. Robert was offering him a responsibility as large as the realm itself. It was the last thing in the world he wanted. â€Å"Your Grace,† he said. â€Å"I am not worthy of the honor.† Robert groaned with good-humored impatience. â€Å"If I wanted to honor you, I’d let you retire. I am planning to make you run the kingdom and fight the wars while I eat and drink and wench myself into an early grave.† He slapped his gut and grinned. â€Å"You know the saying, about the king and his Hand?† Ned knew the saying. â€Å"What the king dreams,† he said, â€Å"the Hand builds.† â€Å"I bedded a fishmaid once who told me the lowborn have a choicer way to put it. The king eats, they say, and the Hand takes the shit.† He threw back his head and roared his laughter. The echoes rang through the darkness, and all around them the dead of Winterfell seemed to watch with cold and disapproving eyes. Finally the laughter dwindled and stopped. Ned was still on one knee, his eyes upraised. â€Å"Damn it, Ned,† the king complained. â€Å"You might at least humor me with a smile.† â€Å"They say it grows so cold up here in winter that a man’s laughter freezes in his throat and chokes him to death,† Ned said evenly. â€Å"Perhaps that is why the Starks have so little humor.† â€Å"Come south with me, and I’ll teach you how to laugh again,† the king promised. â€Å"You helped me win this damnable throne, now help me hold it. We were meant to rule together. If Lyanna had lived, we should have been brothers, bound by blood as well as affection. Well, it is not too late. I have a son. You have a daughter. My Joff and your Sansa shall join our houses, as Lyanna and I might once have done.† This offer did surprise him. â€Å"Sansa is only eleven.† Robert waved an impatient hand. â€Å"Old enough for betrothal. The marriage can wait a few years.† The king smiled. â€Å"Now stand up and say yes, curse you.† â€Å"Nothing would give me greater pleasure, Your Grace,† Ned answered. He hesitated. â€Å"These honors are all so unexpected. May I have some time to consider? I need to tell my wife . . . â€Å" â€Å"Yes, yes, of course, tell Catelyn, sleep on it if you must.† The king reached down, clasped Ned by the hand, and pulled him roughly to his feet. â€Å"Just don’t keep me waiting too long. I am not the most patient of men.† For a moment Eddard Stark was filled with a terrible sense of foreboding. This was his place, here in the north. He looked at the stone figures all around them, breathed deep in the chill silence of the crypt. He could feel the eyes of the dead. They were all listening, he knew. And winter was coming. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Four, Essay examples

Outline on Waste Management Plan - Get Free Sample On It

Question: what is the waste management plan? Answer: Redox Pty Limited 26-30 Gilbertson Road, Melbourne Redox Pty Limited 51-57 Buckhurst Street, South Melbourne VIC 3205 Manufacturing Melbourne Executive Summary This report will include a waste assessment conduct and planning and preparing draft for waste management at Redox located in Melbourne, NSW. The outcome of our investigation on this Australian firm will explains specific issues regarding to waste management in the firm, which needed to reduce over time. The report will first provide the information of the site following will explains the rationale for developing the plan according to the firm authorities and our observation. The report also explain and discuss the process through which the firm handles or can handle waste material by storing, classifying, transporting and disposing. It will also contain the waste material such as chemical stock which is damaged and unsalable and chemical packaging. The report also describes the procedure through which liquid and non-liquid waste of Redox branch disposed and issues in this process and recommendations for this is explained in the report. The analysis of waste management, its cost effectiveness and how much the firm can save from reducing the waste material or recycling them is discussed in the report. Site Description Redox is a leading commodity well known in Australia especially for chemical distribution work with 10 local sales offices throughout the country. There are more than 300 staff working in the firm and recorded A$453 million sales in last year. It will work with 140 industries in order to bring the best and efficient products across the world. It is well known for marketing organic and inorganic raw material. We reported and visited Redox firm is located in No. 2 Swettenham Road Minto of New South Wales. Waste types in the firm are recorded through their recently developed system; it will also record the quantities and method of disposal for all waste streams in the form of spreadsheet. Through the spreadsheet and the managing the record keeping allows Redox to obtain the information about the solid waste and inert waste which taken for landfill directly, how much quantity of chemical products and packaging going to be disposed, general waste contractor then remove the solid disposal weight and recycling waste (Redox Anuual Report, 2013). Typical waste generated by Redox which is generated regularly is office papers, packaging, stationary, shrink wrapping and kitchen putrescible waste. The current waste management plan followed by Redox is, the staff must place all drink containers made up of aluminium to appropriate bins with the plastic bag liners which would kept in the kitchens of marketing, shipping and warehouse department. Prior to disposal the containers are to be emptied of soft drink and rinsed with water. Those containers are then collected from bins on weekly basis. It is observed that the current waste management plan applied for Redox is not enough as compare to the bulk of waste collected on regular basis. Rationale for waste assessment During the operations handled at this site it is required to ensure the management of appropriate handling as well as storage and disposal of generated waste. They are required to outline Waste Management Plan for considering environmental impact it causes by dumping waste. The companys warehouse and general office rubbish includes stationary, plastic, glass or bottles, food and as the company primarily supply chemical, the shrink wrapping and empty chemical packaging can also be dumped into the waste bins (Woodyard and Chris, 2008). From disposing and minimizing waste they obviously want to cut costs around the office as much amount is spent on this office supplies. Due to this and to reduce impact on environment from their waste the company require to adopt some changes in the into their waste management plan to come up more successfully in future. The non-compactable items like empty drums, pallets, and large pieces of timber, metal, concrete are essential to sent to the waste treatment facilities (Mata, 2001). Most importantly the waste chemical packaging such as poison, liquid waste or DG has to be disposed by licensed supplier and there are some limitation the firm facing while disposing these wastes. Hence the waste not only adds clutter to the space but also it will be risky to store the waste, therefore finding quick and effective finding of removing waste is essential. Considering all these facts the firm needed to find some options that will be beneficial at the same time cost effective. Hence environment friendly waste management plan has to develop with minimal effort in this situation. The firm will need the solution over managing waste for immediate implementation and dispose the remaining waste efficiently. Methodology By accessing the complete firm and gathering the information on the waste produced and bins used to store and further moved to disposal, will help to somewhat estimate amounts of waste produced at the visited site and quantity of bins and containers available to store the waste are enough or not. To get specific information about the production of chemical raw material, their risks and importing the other supplies from Redox, meet and interviewed the Director of the firm, managers of marketing, shipping and warehouse department to get the exact working of waste management process. Through the series of interviews with the authorities and employees got the satisfied information. It is important to note the amount of material or supplies imported with the help of invoices and material management department (Geels, 2008) provides the information about the purchased items per month. When overall purchased information will gain, it gets easy to identify the area of improvement by utilizing new methods for improving the waste management for the office. The records of wasted utilities can be collected from the spreadsheet, developed to record quantity of solid or inert waste. It will also note the quantity of chemical products and packaging going to be disposed. The following are the major supplies that are purchased monthly, these are also the major contributors to the waste generated in the office. Table 1: Average monthly figure quantities Item Quantity Cost A4 Paper 2 Ream (1000 pages) $9.98 Acidic in solid form 10 package $349.20 Basic solutions in solid form 10 package $338.46 Non toxic salts 5 packages $169.23 Zink compounds 5 packages $202.24 Bottled Water 8 Packs (192 bottles) $64.00 Ink Cartridge 2 Black $79.05 Waste Generating Process It is possible to predict the approximate waste generated from the visited site with the help of director and staff. It is also found difficult to predict the quantities of atypical wastes that are damaged chemical product or packaging, empty drums and Intermediate bulk containers. According to NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) hazardous on site noted are, Acidic solutions or acid in solid form, basic solutions, non-toxic salt, zinc compounds are majorly wasted. In the past year the Redox NSW site generated 41 tones hazardous which means approximately 3 tones hazardous per month of atypical waste (Singh, Krasowski and Singh 2011). This volume consists of damaged chemicals products or unsaleable packaging. At the site it is required to reconditioning or land filling of empty packaging and estimated 20 kg waste per empty drum and 65 kg waste per empty IBC. The procedure follow for cleaning during the operation is that, the chemical products split during the operations are immediately cleaned up and then they are placed into heavy duty plastic bags, the bags are labeled by the compound in it and then thrown into the wheelie bins which are specially designed for the class of products (Palmer and Paul, 2005). Later on the bins are moved for disposal. The bin containing categorize per disposable material will also be kept within a specific warehouse section (Glasbergen, 2007) which is special or designated for the class of product. Table 2: Average monthly waste Item Quantity Cost A4 Paper 0.5 Ream (250 pages) $2.49 A3 Paper 2 Reams (1000 pages) $35.96 Acidic in solid form 2 package $69.84 Basic solutions in solid form 2 package $67.69 Non toxic salts 1 packages $33.84 Zink compounds 1 packages $40.448 Bottled Water 8 Packs (192 bottles) $64.00 Ink Cartridge 1 Black $39.98 $354.248 Paper and cardboard are next prime waste material which should be recycled to avoid the environmental impact (Roper and William, 2006), to minimize the waste as well as reduce the cost of waste. Record must be kept because it demonstrates a step towards better waste management process. Due to record keeping standard or normal waste levels are establishes and maintaining of waste quantities record will help the firm to assess its operations performance with the waste management principles to avoid and minimize waste landfill requirement (Cary, 2008). In the waste generation process all staff is informed about placing all drink containers made up of aluminium to appropriate bins with the plastic bag liners which would kept in the kitchens of marketing, shipping and warehouse department. Prior to disposal the containers are to be emptied of soft drink and rinsed with water. Those containers are then collected from bins on weekly basis. The spreadsheet and records maintained will allow the standard level of waste establishments and also set trends in waste disposal (Roper and William, 2006). The waste records of sites will be maintained by the Coordinator of Regulatory Affairs as they have experience of statistical analysis of data over time. Programs and other waste management options like recycling and alternate packaging will be researched for avoiding and minimizing the waste avoidance objective. It is also suggested to Redox that they will have to design Annual report on environmental reporting. Results from Waste Management Analysis Our Bribros team are located just south of Melbourne's city centre and service our plastics business. For recycling the materials Cardboard and paper waste at office Warehouse Excess use of papers Different disposals of items From the above images we can get the visual idea about the wastage problem faced by Redox and as the site is located in large area and large amount of work has been carried on regular basis and number of worker are more, so the wastage produced also in more quantity. Number of bins is shown in one figure which will distinguish as per the material. We can implement some ideas from the observation which can help in implementing ideas to minimize waste. Analysis of results By inspecting the Redox waste management process, significant things are noticed such as the firm can not undertake any treatment processes for the damaged chemical product classified as waste and such processes can be managed under DEC which is a licensed waste facility. Responsibilities and Authority To manage the waste effectively it is important to divide the responsibilities and authorities to the specific person is important and it is significant aspect of waste management plan at Redox and is shown below: It is the responsibility of Regulatory Affair Coordinator to maintain a permanent record of all waste disposals and then report about it to the environment authorities when required (Redox Annual report, 2013). To classify all the waste, obtain disposable material and receiving all waste tracking documentation is done under observation of the Site Environmental Officer and it is his or her duty to report about the disposal to the coordinator of Regulatory Affairs. Store Manager should ensure that appropriate effort has been made to minimize the waste and also ensure that waste is fit for transport as it contains the damaged chemical packaging. It is responsibility of Product manager to exhaust all avenues for sale or return damaged or unsealed stock instead of sending to disposal. Compliance is essential factor of waste management and hence to ensure that all employees will use correct disposable method (Davoudi and Evans 2005) is responsibility of Store manager and coordinator. All employees working in Redox are abide by procedures that are specified in this waste management plan should be the employment condition. It is also significant to provide formal warning and guidance to employees who contravene these procedures. Other than the chemical waste other most important waste material is office papers, cardboard, fax and photocopy papers, envelopes, Manilla folders, Magazines, newspapers, cardboard milk cartons. To reduce the printout paper waste it is important to ensure errors before printing. If printing papers will reduces it will automatically reduces the ink cartridges. Recycling the office and print papers and cardboard are prime example of avoiding waste (Stoker, 2010). Waste management principles are applied to this area of waste by avoiding printing of unnecessary documents or emails, Both sides of paper can be used for printing, cardboard or paper can be separated for recycling, paper cannot be given to landfill for disposal. Table 3: Estimated Wastage through Changes Implemented Item Quantity Cost A4 Paper 0.2 Ream (50 pages) $0.99 A3 Paper 0.5 Ream (250 pages) $8.99 Acidic in solid form 1 package $34.92 Basic solutions in solid form 1 package $33.84 Non toxic salts 0 packages $0.00 Zink compounds 1 packages $40.44 Bottled Water 0 $0.00 Ink Cartridge 0.5 Black $19.99 $139.17 *Quantities are based on waste for an average month Table 3: Savings Accumulated Initial Wastage Cost Estimated Wastage Cost Savings $354.248 $139.17 $215.07 *Quantities are based on waste for an average month We can conclude from the calculation made throughout the report that, it is possible to reduce or minimize the waste by recycling or by using different technique and it will not only become profitable exercise for the company but it will also reduce the environmental impact occur from the companys waste (Landy, 2001). Hence it is not wrong to say that minimizing the waste will positively affect the office and site environment and will also cost effective for the company, when less products waste it automatically save the purchasing amount of supplies. It is also specified that through the simple waste management technique can tend vital impact socially, environmentally and economically. Recommendation One thing is clear from above discussion that is, by recycling and making plan for waste management the firm can achieve economic as well as environmental objectives by following simple and easy waste management clause. It is obviously possible with the effort and support of all the staff and employees, here are some recommendations for the firm for managing and recycling waste. The responsibility has to assign to the store manager to inform the coordinator of regulatory affairs, when there are non-compactable items on sites like empty drums, pallets and so on which requires recycling or disposal. Another waste will have to be recycled such as paper, card board and aluminium cans. The recycling program obtained through the workplace waste help to reduce environment impact and also save money. The morale and facilitation of team building are output of recycling program. One important section where require to pay more attention will be the solid chemical waste section. The non DG or Poison chemicals has to classify individually by the Regulatory Affairs Coordinator along with the operator of waste facility to identify that either they can go to landfill or not. If land filling is not appropriate option then the substance have to sent to licensed waste treatment facility. Redox can avoid and minimize waste generation by handling the product carefully during transport and storage. It is better to prefer repack and sold the damaged chemical product at reduced or no cost in every circumstance instead of disposal. It is preferred to recycle and use empty drums and IBC instead of disposing and raw materials are used to create new packing. It is also necessary to dispose the chemical material waste correctly and lawfully and given to licensed disposing authority with classification and tracking procedures. Reference List Woodyard, Chris 2008""Zero landfill" plants".USA Today. Retrieved9 March2011. Mata, T M 2001."Life cycle assessment of different reuse percentages for glass beer bottles".International Journal of Life cycle Assessment6(5): 5863. Retrieved28 June2014. Singh, J; Krasowski, Singh 2011,"Life cycle inventory of HDPE bottle-based liquid milk packaging systems",Packaging Technology and Science: Palmer, Paul 2005.Getting to Zero Waste. Purple Sky Press. ISBN0-9760571-0-7 Roper, William E. 2006. "Strategies for building material reuse and recycle".International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management6(3/4): 313345.. Cary, S. S. 2008."GM plans to dump use of landfills".USA Today. Retrieved23 September2008. Landy, M. 2001.environmentalism: a new approach to policy. Washington: George Marshall Institute. Davoudi, S., and Evans 2005. "The Challenge of governance in regional waste planning".Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy23: 493517. Stoker, G. 2010 "Governance as theory: five propositions".International Social Science Journal50(155): 17. Gandy, M (1994).Recycling and the Politics of Urban Waste. London: Earthscan Publications. Rhodes, R (1997). "The new governance: governing without government". In: R. from government to governance.".Public policy and administration8(2): 724. Glasbergen, P (2007).Partnerships, Governance, and Sustainable Development: Reflections on Theory and Practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Geels, F (2008).The feasibility of systems thinking in sustainable consumption and production policy: A report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. London: DEFRA. Young, (2010). "Working towards a zero waste environment in Taiwan".Waste Management Research28: 236244. Frosch, R; Gallopoulos (1989). "Strategies for manufacturing".Scientific American261(3): 144152. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0989- 144 Redox Anuual Report, 2013

Exploring the International Students as a Community

Table of Contents Introduction International students as a community Conclusion Work Cited Introduction Since the origin of the universe man has always existed as a community due to various reasons. It is always said that no man is an island. People have a tendency of forming groups or communities that range from small group such as the family set up to a large one such as a country or a religious group.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the International Students as a Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different communities arise due to different reasons such as common interests or common challenges that they face in life. I have been an international student for more than two years and I have interacted with other international students as a community. This paper explores the international student as a community. International students as a community International students that come from all over the world to study in the United States have very many challenges. These challenges are usually the origin of the international student as a community. We have similar challenges such as adapting to the culture of the host country, language barrier, religious conflicts, and constitutional rights among others. One of the things that bring us get together as a community is culture conflict. We live in a community where culture is totally different from our homeland in terms of dressing, meals, language and even religious beliefs. This often demands that international students from the same country come together to form a community. We usually have arrangements to meet with other student from different colleges who come from the same country and get to share about our challenges, experiences and even fantasies about our lives in foreign land. These are usually the happiest times when one feels at home with people who you share common origin. International student community is bes t felt when the international students from the same country meet during cultural shows that are usually organized from time to time. An example is the wonderful Chinese culture night that happens once in a while in different parts of the country. International students from China are always present to remind themselves of their beautiful culture and also to meet with other Chinese people. When we meet we usually have a very wonderful time dancing to Chinese music and also sharing traditional delicacies with other Chinese students.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International student community can be seen in the college set up whereby international students from the same origin tend to stick together as a group due to various college challenges such as language barrier, stereotyping, alienation, and misunderstanding among others. I always find myself in a group of other students who come from my country. Different colleges have allowed the formation of international student organizations such as Chinese students’ organization. These organizations are usually very important since they act as avenues for expressing grievances for international students as a community to the college administration. In most instances students from the same country share the same religion affiliation. International students will often form a community whereby they can be able to exercise their cultural rituals together and this makes them come together as a community. Chinese students will always meet as a community to pray and perform religious rituals since they may not be accommodated into other religions. International students as a community attracts specialized services due to their unique needs as international students. A good example is International student health insurance medical insurance for non-US citizens in America which provides insurance services for inter national student community in the United States. This indicates how unique the international student community is in terms of their needs. The global community recognizes them as a unique community (Winstrom 1). At the global level there are international student forums such as AIESEC (International Association of Students in Economics and Business Management) which is a non profit organization managed by international students whose objective is to develop leaders from students from all over the world. The AIESEC website provides an interactive forum for all the students where they can discuss different issues such as business and leadership. This reflects international students as a community. International students’ community is also present in the social websites such as Facebook and tweeter. International students from different countries form groups where they can chat and communicate with other students from their motherland country. Social sites are usually a very nic e platform for meeting with other students especially when meetings might interfere with education. International student association (ISA) of University of Mississippi is a student run organization for all international students usually open to all the students that may be interested in different countries and cultures. ISA as an international students’ community arranges various interesting programs for making the international students exited and enthusiastic about college life by organizing different exiting events such as tournaments, movies and trips (Winstrom 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploring the International Students as a Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Communities are an integral part of the society indeed the whole universe can be seen as a community. Different communities form due to different reasons such as common challenges and interests. International stud ents have been described as a society due to their unique needs, challenges and interests. The community is well structured in colleges as international students’ organizations, found in social sites. They also hold religious functions together as a community. They also attract specialized services such as international students insurance for student living in America. They can be found in functions such as international cultural gatherings. International students are thus a very important and interesting community in the global society. Work Cited Winstrom, Elen. The Disadvantages of Studying Abroad for International Students. Bright Hub, 2010. Web. https://www.brighthub.com/ This essay on Exploring the International Students as a Community was written and submitted by user Kian N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Post-Traumatic Disorder Essays

Post-Traumatic Disorder Essays Post-Traumatic Disorder Essay Post-Traumatic Disorder Essay Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder that is experienced by some people after going through some shocking or scary events, after a traumatic experience, an individual feels afraid and fear triggers many changes in the body and help defend danger or avoid it (Kozaric-Kovacic 9). The fight to flight situation is the reaction of the trauma, and the body protects the person from harm. If the symptoms persist, the person is therefore diagnosed with PSTD. Some individuals experience unexpected death of loved ones, and the disorder tends to begin early although some start years afterward. Symptoms, Risk factors and onset age The symptoms are supposed to last more than a month, and the situation becomes severe enough to interfere with the relationship or the daily activities. For someone to be diagnosed with PSTD, an adult must have the following for at least one month. The person should have one re-experiencing symptoms like flashbacks. This kind of symptoms allows one to relive the trauma over and over like the racing heart and sweating. The other re-experiencing symptoms that the patient should have so that he can be diagnosed with PSTD is bad dreams and frightening thoughts (Kozaric-Kovacic 9). The re-experiencing symptoms happen as a barrier in the persons everyday routine. The symptoms begin from the person feelings and out of his ideas, and thats why they keep reoccurring. All the things that remind them of the tragic event like object, words or situation and they are also the cause of re-experiencing symptoms. The diagnosis also happens if there is at least one avoidance system, two arousal and reactivity symptoms and mood symptoms and cognition experience. The avoidance symptoms include the person staying away from events that can remind them of their predicament and also when they tend to evade what they are feeling about the traumatic event. Arousal symptoms are constant, and the symptoms can make someone angry and feel stressed. They start to lose appetite, sleep and they become slow in their jobs (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatments and Drugs Mayo Clinic). Moods and cognitive becomes worse after the traumatic events, but they are not caused by being injured or abusing drug but rather by the alienation of the person with the loved ones. The risk factor of PTSD involves all the ages, but some factors might make someone more susceptible than others like experiencing child abuse or neglect and having mental health problems like anxiety and depressions. If someone has a relative, who has mental problems that include depression or even PTSD and lack of enough support systems from the family and friends (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatments And Drugs Mayo Clinic). If someone had a combat exposure, threatened with a weapon, being physically attacked and childhood abuse experience together with events like fire, robbery, car crashes or planes, terrorists attacks and other extreme life events that can threaten a person. Course of Disease Progression Symptoms of PSTD begin within the first three months after the traumatic event has happened. There might be a delay of months or even years before the first symptoms have appeared. Acute Stress Disorder is what is experienced first after the immediate aftermath of the trauma (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatments And Drugs Mayo Clinic). The duration that occurs with complete recovery usually varies within the three months of incubation in almost half of the reported cases. Other patients experience longer periods like 12 months after the trauma. The course is usually characterized by warning and waxing symptoms. The reactivation of symptoms might occur in response to the reminder of the original trauma, trauma events, and life stressors. The duration and severity of the exposure of the traumatic event are the most important factors affecting the developing likelihood of the disorder. The disorder can develop in individuals who do not have the predisposing conditions especially if the stressor is very extreme. There is an evidence of a heritable component to the transmission of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatments And Drugs Mayo Clinic). High degree of vulnerability can be recorded if someone has a history of depression and therefore susceptible to PTSD. Effects on the Individual, Family, Friends and Society PTSD has various effects on the individual and the people around the person lie the family. Individuals who have PTSD have hard feeling emotions and therefore they detach themselves from their loved ones, therefore, giving those who love them a hard time to live around them (Wimalawansa Causes And Risk Factors For Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). They might have hard personal relationships which might affect their children giving them behavioral problems due to lower parental satisfaction. Family and friends feel guilty about a fact that they cant change what had happened to the individual or they can lie in avoidance and fear of what the person might do when he or she remembers the tragic event (Wimalawansa Causes and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). The worrying of family members might cause depression among the members of the family, and they might develop other complications out of anger and the feeling of helplessness. Treatment PTSD can be treated, and when the treatment occurs, it allows someone to have the sense of control over their life (Wimalawansa Causes and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). The primary treatment is psychotherapy, and one can also try the secondary treatment of medication. A patient might be required to carry out different types of psychotherapy like cognitive therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and exposure therapy. Therapy is necessary to allow the individual to acquire control of their life and fight fear after the traumatic event (Salyers et al. 17). Apart from therapy other treatment can be considered which are referred to as a secondary treatment. The treatment is using several medications which can help to improve symptoms of PTSD. The types of medication include antidepressants, prazosin, and anti-anxiety medications. The medications are effective in various ways. Antidepressants are the medication which helps the symptoms of depression and anxiety (Office of Research Development). The drugs assist in eradicating the sleep problem and increasing one concentration. The treatment has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat PTSD. Prazosin is used to treat symptoms like recurrent nightmares and insomnia; the drug only suppresses nightmares in people with PTSD. Anti-anxiety medications improve the feelings of anxiety and stress for a short while so that severe anxiety can rely on; the drugs are however not taken for an extended period since they are said to have the potential for abuse. Barriers of Treatment There have been reported cases of barriers that are related to the treatment of PTSD. It has been recorded that people who have psychological injuries including PTSD receive minimally adequate treatment for their injuries. It has been noted that there has been a big gap between the number of service members and the veterans who had PTSD and the number of people who receive high-quality care for it (Office of Research Development). The gap, therefore, represents extensive human suffering and loss of productivity. Barriers that exists are the patient barriers, provider barrier, and institutional barriers. The patient barrier could be about the employment effects that seeks treatment for PSTD; some have got the mentality that mental health care is ineffective. There is also the barrier that exists when people do not have adequate information on resources for care, financial concerns and logistic problems such as the distance of traveling. The providers barrier might include lack of training, treatment locations issues like transportation in war regions and also a lack of enough time. The organizational level barrier includes lack of requirements to do serious screening and treatment. The treatment programs which require significant time commitment such as the occupational rehabilitation treatment program might be a challenge since the time might be limited (Office Of Research Development). Some of the internal barriers that might be a challenge to treatment include public stigma and nave public exhibit prejudice. A lot of people associate individuals with extensive mental illness with segregation, and they stigmatize the people affected pushing them to the edge. Complications of Treatment and Medication Possible complications related to PTSD include increased the risk of suicide whereby it is brought about by panic and risk of suicidal thoughts. If the persons phobias are high, they might be in danger of committing suicide (Salyers et al. 18). They might also have some depression related diseases like the bipolar disorders which might worsen the anxiety increasing the risk of agitation, insomnia, and concentration problem. Other complications like gastrointestinal disorder, obesity, and loss of weight, allergic conditions and headaches might be increased if the anxiety is not suppressed. Nature vs. Nurture It has been identified that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can be a result of nature and nurture together. It has been found that the genes and environment might interact to influence the risk of someone getting PSTD. In the sense of nurturing, individuals who experience a traumatic experience when they were children, they are likely to develop PTSD in adulthood than those exposed to one of the incidents (Salyers et al. 19). The study has indicated that individuals with a particular genetic mutation, have a high risk of developing PSTD. According to the information provided, PTSD is complex anxiety disorder which incorporates re-experiencing, arousal and avoidance to life-threatening circumstances. Moreover, it is an apparent effect of the environmental factors, and it has a heritable component. The study shows that genetic factors cause almost 30% of PTSD symptoms. Hope There is hope for the prevention and treatment of PTSD whereby veterans have conducted the National Center for PSTD to set agenda and research which would be used to educate individuals on the issues related to the disorder and how to prevent and seek treatment (Salyers et al. 20). The research will determine the prevalence of PTSD in women, prolonged exposure therapy, and cognitive therapy will be useful to reduce the symptoms of PTSD. Prazosin drugs have also been found to be effective drugs which can be relied on to reduce high blood pressure, prostate problems and can also be used to suppress nightmares and sleep loss in the PTSD patients. Work Cited Office Of Research Development. Research.va.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 5 Oct. 2016. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatments And Drugs Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 4 Oct. 2016. Kozaric-Kovacic, Dragica. Causes, Diagnoses And Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Acta Neuropsychiatrica21.S2 (2009): 9. Web. Salyers, Michelle P. et al. Barriers To Assessment And Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Other Trauma-Related Problems In People With Severe Mental Illness: Clinician Perspectives. Community Mental Health Journal40.1 (2004): 17-31. Web. 5 Oct. 2016. Wimalawansa, Sunil J. Causes And Risk Factors For Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Importance Of Right Diagnosis And Treatment. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences5.2 (2013): n. pag. Web.

School violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

School violence - Research Paper Example nd also, the potential solutions that can be thought of, so that each and every day, when students and school personnel enter into the halls, they are given the strongest opportunity possible to accomplish that which they have set out to do. As a way to approach the issue at the broadest level, many have come forth with suggestions as to what should and should not be done, in terms of curbing school violence and most importantly, seeking to understand what may be the root cause(s) for those at the center of the debate. The possible solutions are far reaching, in terms of what many have felt should be done to aid and conquer the issue as a whole. The desire to create and facilitate an environment at which everyone takes part and becomes active, as to create an environment of inclusion, rather than exclusion. While the opinions offered may vary in direction, as well as end result, the fact remains clear that, as individuals retain the fundamental right of not only being a student at a particular school but also an employee. So the goal remains to acknowledge first and foremost that, while cases of violence may be few and farther between than they may have been, school violence remains a crucial concern that everyone conce rned should have on the forefront of their respective consciousnesses. Many are faced with the role of relying upon these institutions to educate the youth of America and in that process, the hope remains that such education is able to occur without the fear of impending violence. The overall problem to be addressed would be the occurrence of school violence within the halls of educational institutions. Such acts that would not only impact fellow students but also, place others into danger at the same time as the event(s) are transpiring. To place the description into greater detail, the issue of school violence centers upon the decision of a specific individual(s) to act out against those of whom they feel may have wronged them in any way

Walmart change proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Walmart change proposal - Essay Example So, if I were to intervene, I would give suggestions on the changes that need to be effected in order to resolve these problems. First, the company needs to comply with the wage laws. It should stop exploiting its workers, but pay them at least a minimum wage of $10 per hour. Besides, the company should improve occupational health to the workers. Anyone who works as a seamstress or fabric cutters should be given high quality protective devices like gloves (Ingram; Yue & Rao, 2010). Moreover, the management should not discriminate on employees based on racial prejudices. Lastly, the company should soften its stance and allow its work force to form unions and improve communication with them. So, by supporting outfits like Organization United for Respect (OUR) Wal-Mart, the company would be doing a great thing. I believe that if these changes are properly implemented, the company would have to build a cordial relationship between the management and employees. Thus, it would be in the right path for regaining its reputation, growing and accomplishing its goals. Employee-welfare needs to be reconsidered because they constitute a very significant component of the organization. Without motivating them, nothing can be

Taget company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taget company - Essay Example This led to the renaming of the Dayton Corporation into the Target Corporation in 1990 (Target Corporation, 2013). Target Company’s discount department store and hypermarkets deal with a collection of food and general merchandise and in their retail business, including perishables, dry, and frozen items. Target has grown into the second largest discount retailer in the United States and has taken the retail market with a storm since its inception. Target Company has been able to grow rapidly due to its business and operational strategies, innovations, strong brand recognition and awareness, in addition to employee retention. The company has invested into the unexplored and high-potential market field, such as the perishables and frozen food items, focusing on private label products, in addition to strategizing on the expansion of their business units into the global markets. The expansion into the rapidly growing global markets, such as China, Target Company has been able to w ithstand the fierce market competition and the economic slowdown in the United States. Target Company is listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as TGT (Target Corporation, 2013). ... The Corporation has also established service programs for eligible team members to cater for their health and well-being, and for their spouses and other dependents (Target Corporation, 2013). Target Corporation’s social responsibility is enhanced through the maximization of its profits, through innovation and brand recognition, in addition to the extensive investment into the global markets (Cheeseman, 43). This is evident in the respective Company’s 10-k forms, and has ensured the maximization of profit for the corporation and the shareholders at large. It is also reflected in the growth of Target Corporation shares in the New York Stock Exchange. This has subsequently ensured the maximization of profits to the shareholders through the rise in dividends, from 1.07% to 1.66% in 2013. The rapid growth of Target Corporation has led to the increase in profits through the growth and recognition of its brand, which has in turn ensured the growth of the company shares in the NYSE (Target Corporation, 2013). Target Corporation also holds high business ethics, despite the fierce market competition from other similar companies, such as Walmart Stores (Target Corporation, 2013). Though the company is in the retail industry and offers discount sales, it upholds healthy completion through the maintenance of reasonable prices that are lower. Consequently, this is likely to increase the client confidence and lead to more product sales (Cheeseman, 35). The moral minimum is therefore upheld, whereby the corporation makes extensive sales and profit but still upholds healthy prices that do not harm other competitors. Target Corporation is also compliant to the customer protection laws and other

Yield Management In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

Yield Management In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay Yield management was practice over the last fifteen to twenty years. According to Kimes, the yield management principle was first developed in the airline industry. Yield management systems primarily used in service industries like hotels, restaurants, airlines, train. Generally, companies used yield management systems to maximize their revenue or yield. Smith, Leimkhuler, Darrow Samules (1992) defined yield management as a sophisticated form of managing supply and demand by acting at the same time on price and on available capacity. It is the best way to propose the best service on the best customer with the best price and at the best moment. According to Kimes (2002), yield management is methods that can help a firm sell the right inventory to the right customer at the right time for the right price. So, yield management can be defined as an approach to sell the same product at the same time to the customers by charging different prices. Yield management in hotel industry was evolved over the last ten years and many authors (Evangelista, 1999; Novelli, Schmitz Spencer, 2006) confirm that there is a notable tendency to use new technologies in hotel industry. Yield management in hotel industry is concerned about the number of rooms that should be sold and at what price should be charge to customers. The objective of using yield management in hotel industry is to maximizing revenue per every available room. Jaucey, Mitchell Slamet (1995) stated that yield management is an integrated, continuous and systematic approach to maximizing room revenue through the manipulation of room rates in response to forecasted patterns of demand. They suggest that yield management requires a close analysis of historical information to predict customers demand. Yield management is suitable to use in hotel industry because it fulfill some characteristics of these system. According to Kimes (1989), yield management can be used when the following conditions are met. There are fixed capacity; segmentation into different market segment is possible; the inventory of the product is perishable; the products can be sold in advance; fluctuating demand; low marginal sales costs and high marginal production costs. Once the hotel was built, it is difficult and expensive to increase the capacity. Therefore, the hotel manager must use the existing capacity in the best way in order to maximize room revenue. So, yield management systems can help hotel manager address this problem by predict the customers demand. To make the yield management systems work, the company must be able to segment their market into different types of customers. Hotel manager should have different marketing plans for every market segment. So, every customers need can be fulfill. Customers can be categorized and grouping together with those have similar characteristics, it is called market segment. There are three components of market segmentation. First, the characteristics of each customer group are defining and grouping. Second, implementing a demand model to customers and specify their attitudes about a reference transaction. The third component is their willingness to pay. Of course, hotel rooms are perishable inventory item. When a room is not sold for one night, there is no income for this room at that night. Hotel manager cannot put the room into inventory and use it at other time. Airlines and rental car industry also face the same problem. Some hotels sell most of their rooms in advance, but in some situation, reservations are made well in advance of the day desired. When the rooms are sold in advance, hotel manager faced with uncertainty. Some questions are appearing like charge a low rate price to the group of customers or wait the customer who willing to pay higher price appear? Are the customers who willing to pay higher price will reserved for the same rooms? So, these questions can be address by using yield management systems. Hotel industry is the industry which faces fluctuating demand patterns. Customers demand are varies in a year. Yield management system helps manager predict the demand fluctuation and manager can plan some strategies to maximize their revenue. For example, higher price can charge to customers during the peak demand like school holidays or public holidays; otherwise, manager can decrease the price during the slow time. Hotel industry also met the characteristic of low marginal sales costs. When a room was sold, it does not incur much more cost to sell another room. This is because the hotel and staff already at place. On the other hand, hotel industry faces high production costs. When all rooms were sold, and a customer wants a room, additional rooms are cannot simply built because the capacity was fixed. Yield management systems may result in many advantages to the company and give that company a competitive edge. Many studies have shown the positive effect on the performance of the company by using yield management systems. Esse (2003) shows that yield management allows a company to offer customers high contribution, which develops a much better performance. Apart from this, yield management systems also may results in some problem to companies. It could result in alienated customers. There are highly competitive in hotel industry, customers may not want to pay different price for the same room. So, they might feel unfair and go to the competitors who charge lower price. According to Kimes (2002), the customer perceives a product price as fair for the price of a good to increase if the costs increase in order to maintain profit. They however dont feel that increasing the price in order to increase the profit is a fair practice. To address the problem of alienated customers, Kimes (2002) suggest three solutions to it. First, the company giving the customer a higher reference price and then providing them with discounts. Second solution, adding additional services to the product and then increase the price. The third solution is selling the product as part of a package. The final solution is attaching restrictions to the discounts as to make the discounts be perceived as being fair. Employee morale problems may occur when the company use yield management. Yield management systems are more about guesswork of how many rooms to sell and what price to charge, but it also requires judgment from hotel employees. If the systems are not structure well to allow some latitude into the price setting, the people who will use it may be grow to resent the system. Besides that, yield management systems also can cause problem on incentive and reward systems. Yield management systems can cause problem for group sales department. Reward or incentive of salespeople in these department are depends on the amount of sales they make. When sales increase, their reward or incentives also increase. But a yield management system might indicate that the low rate price for a group sale is not beneficial. So, the incentive and reward systems must be changed. If not, the salespeople might think that the implementation of yield management is work against them. To ensure the yield management systems effective, an extensive training of all employees are needed. Every employee must understand the purpose of implementing the yield management, how it works, and what the effect of the system on their jobs. So, it needs a careful planning and training from top management. Finally, commitments from top management are very important. Without this, yield management systems will fail. So, the hotel manager must strongly commit to it, have the necessary data and have a strong information system. Hotel manager must fully understand the implications of implementing yield management systems on managerial aspect and able to make adjustment. http://www.turpade.org/docs/articulos/2008_OCT_Yield_Management.pdf http://www.timsmet.com/literature%20review.pdf http://www.cheaphosting4you.com/casadana.net/pgdh/CORNELL/Center%20for%20Hospitality%20Research%20-%20Reports/Basics%20of%20Yield%20Management.pdf http://www.yield4education.com/literature-review

Comparison King rat and mcKenzies Boots :: essays papers

Comparison King rat and mcKenzies Boots Wartime. It is a time of pain, a time of agony, a time of great suffering. Yet through all the hardships of war, there always arises heroes, people who soar above all to rid the world of the evil that is war. What is it about such heroes that make them standout from the rest? More importantly, what is it about soldiers that enable them to survive the atrocities of war? There are many possible answers to this question such as being in top physical condition and having the proper combat and weapon training. More importantly, a time of war can take a heavy toll on one's mind and a person must have great mental strength in order to deal with the death, pain, and terror that result from war. Survival in war may depend more on mental strength than on physical strength. One important aspect of mental strength is having the will to survive and not giving up at all. In order to be strong mentally, one must also be able to block out all emotions and morals that could lead to weak ness and even lead to death. Having a good companion at a time of war could also be very helpful in the building of mental strength. All of these elements show how mental strength can be very important when it comes to surviving an unforgiving war. What exactly is the will to survive? A couple of scenarios explains it best. For example, it is what keeps a severely wounded man alive long enough until proper medical attention arrives. It is what prevents a soldier from going insane when things get uncontrollably out of hand. It is these things and a great deal more. In the novel King Rat by James Clavell, the character known as the King showed he had a very strong will to survive. He was stuck in a Japanese prison camp for the past couple of years and he had refused to give up on his life like the others. A good example of this was when a fellow prisoner had just died and he was talking to the doctor who had been in charge of him. "What'd he die of?" "Lack of spirit." The doctor stifled a yawn. His teeth were stained and dirty, and his hair lank and dirty, and his hands pink and spotless.